A General History of China (Six Volumes)
A General History of China (Six Volumes)
内容介绍
A General History of China (Six Volumes)
About The Book
A General History of China narrates in a chronological order the history of China from primeval society to the fall of Qing Dynasty. Covering important historical incidents and influential figures, it provides a systematic introduction of the developmental process of the five-thousand-year Chinese history.
It also explores splendid traditional cultures that China has fostered in different stages, and covers a wide variety of fields such as history, politics, economics, military, philosophy, literature, art, language, archaeology, astronomy, geography, science, technology, people, and cultural exchanges.
About The Editor
Qu Lindong, professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing Normal University. He has devoted much time of his life to the study in theory and history of historiography. He representative works include On History of the Tang Dynasty and Summary of Chinese Historiography.
Volumes
Volume 1: The Pre-Qin Period
Volume 2: The Qin and Han Dynasties
Volume 3: From the Three Kingdoms Period to the Sui and Tang Dynasties
Volume 4: From the Five Dynasties Period to the Yuan Dynasty
Volume 5: The Ming Dynasty
Volume 6: The Qing Dynasty
Contents
ONE THE ORIGINS OF CIVILISATION 3
1 Ancient Man in China 4
2 The Era of Clan Society 14
TWO DAWN OF THE CHINESE NATION 27
1 The First Ancestor of China 28
2 Three Benevolent Rulers - Yao, Shun and Yu 38
THREE EARLIEST DYNASTIES OF CHINA 49
1 Family Rule of the Xia Dynasty 50
2 Rise and Fall of the Shang Dynasty 60
3 The Flourishing Western Zhou Dynasty 70
4 Decline of the Western Zhou Dynasty 80
FOUR ENIGMATIC CULTURE OF EARLY CHINA 91
1 Writing on Tortoise-Shells and Animal Bones 92
2 The Bronze Age 102
FIVE FIVE OVERLORDS OF THE SPRING AND AUTUMN PERIOD 115
1 Duke Huan of Qin and Duke Wen of Jin 116
2 Three Hegemonies Emerging One after Another 128
3 Struggles for Hegemony by the States of Wu and Yue 138
SIX SEVEN POWERS OF THE WARRING STATES PERIOD 151
1 Seven Powers Locked in Rivalry 152
2 Reform Movements in the Seven States 164
3 Alliance and Unification 176
SEVEN AN ERA OF GREAT CHANGES 189
1 Changes to Production 190
2 The Magnificent Dujiangyan Weirs 198
3 Rise of the City 208
EIGHT CULTURAL PROSPERITY IN THE PRE-QIN PERIOD 219
1 Book of Songs and Elegies of the South 220
2 Bell and Drum Music 232
3 Advances in Technology 242
NINE CONTENTION OF A HUNDRED SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT (I) 253
1 Confucius: Teacher of All Ages 254
2 Inheritance and Development of Confucianism 266
3 Taoism: Let Things Run Their Course 276
TEN CONTENTION OF A HUNDRED SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT (II) 289
1 Mohist School: Earthly Ascetics 290
2 Legalism: Favoured by Rulers 300
3 Military Strategists: Masters on the Law of War 312
4 Clash of Views Among Various Schools of Thought 324
ELEVEN THE GREAT QIN EMPIRE 337
1 Qin Shi Huang's Unification of the Country 338
2 Centralisation System of the Qin Empire 350
3 Peasant Uprising at the End of the Qin Dynasty 360
TWELVE WONDERS OF THE QIN DYNASTY 371
1 The Great Wall 372
2 Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum 382
3 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 390
THIRTEEN THE GREAT HAN EMPIRE 403
1 Contention between the States of Chu and Han 404
2 Rehabilitation in the Early Han Dynasty 416
3 Reign of Emperors Wen and Jing 426
FOURTEEN EMPEROR WU OF HAN 437
1 Political and Military Achievements 438
2 Ruling Strategy 448
FIFTEEN DECLINE OF THE WESTERN HAN DYNASTY 459
1 Corrupt Ruling of mid-and late Western Han 460
2 A Short-lived Dynasty: The New Regime of Wang Mang 472
SIXTEEN REJUVENATION OF THE HAN COURT 485
1 Founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty 486
2 Power Struggles between Families of Court Women and Court Eunuchs 496
3 Fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty 508
SEVENTEEN ETHNIC AND FOREIGN RELATIONS DURING THE HAN DYNASTY 521
1 Peace by Marriage beyond the Great Wall 522
2 Zhang Qian's Journeys to Western Regions 534
3 The Silk Road 544
EIGHTEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE HAN DYNASTY 555
1 Invention of Paper 556
2 Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine 566
3 Earth Science and Mathematics 578
NINETEEN THRIVING THOUGHTS OF THE HAN DYNASTY 591
1 Rise of Taoism 592
2 Buddhism's Spread in China 604
3 Cultural Unification 616
TWENTY CULTURE OF THE HAN DYNASTY 629
1 First Major Historical Works 630
2 Literature and Art 640
TWENTY-ONE THREE KINGDOMS 653
1 The Battle of Guandu 654
2 The Battle of Red Cliffs 666
3 Emergence of the Three Kingdoms 678
TWENTY-TWO WESTERN AND EASTERN JIN 691
1 A Brief Unification During the Western Jin Dynasty 692
2 Disturbances by the Eight Princes 702
3 Rule of Eastern Jin for One Hundred Years 712
TWENTY-THREE SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN DYNASTIES 725
1 Contention of the Sixteen Kingdoms 726
2 Rules of the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Regimes 738
TWENTY-FOUR NORTHERN WEI DYNASTY 751
1 Rapid Rise of the Northern Wei Dynasty 752
2 Reform by Emperor Xiaowen 764
3 Crumbling of the Northern Wei 776
4 A Massive Suppression of Buddhism 788
TWENTY- FIVE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE SIX DYNASTIES 799
1 Literature and Art 800
2 The Study of History and Geography 810
3 Natural Sciences 822
TWENTY- SIX NEW EXPLORATIONS IN PHILOSOPHY 833
1 Dark Learning and the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove 834
2 The Flourishing of Buddhism 844
3 The Development of Taoism 854
TWENTY- SEVEN THE SUI DYNASTY 867
1 The Founding of the Sui Dynasty 868
2 The Rule of Emperor Wen 878
3 The Fall of the Sui Dynasty 888
4 The Grand Canal 898
TWENTY- EIGHT THE TANG DYNASTY 911
1 The Founding of Tang 912
2 The Reign of Emperor Taizong 922
3 China's Only Female Emperor Wu Zetian: 932
TWENTY- NINE GOLDEN ERA OF KAIYUAN 943
1 The Reign of Emperor Xuanzong 944
2 A Thriving Economy 956
3 Science and Technology 968
THIRTY ETHNIC AND FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE TANG DYNASTY 981
1 Tang Ethnic Relations (I) 982
2 Tang Ethnic Relations (II) 994
3 Tang Foreign Relations 1008
THIRTY- ONE TANG DYNASTY ART AND LITERATURE 1021
1 Poetry 1022
2 Tang Classical-language Tales 1036
3 Calligraphy and Painting in the Tang Dynasty 1048
4 Music and Dance and Mogao Grottoes 1062
THIRTY- TWO DECLINE OF TANG 1075
1 The An-Shi Rebellion 1076
2 Rejuvenation Efforts by Tang Emperors 1089
3 Turbulent Reign and Decline 1099
THIRTY- THREE AGE OF SEPARATION 1109
1 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 1110
2 Rise of Khitan 1122
THIRTY- FOUR The SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN SONG DYNASTIES 1133
1 The Founding of the Northern Song Dynasty 1140
2 Reform and Partisan Strife in the Mid to Late Northern Song 1154
3 The Collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty 1166
THIRTY-FIVE COEXISING REGIMES (I) 1169
1 Confrontation between Song and Liao 1170
2 The Rise and Fall of the Western Xia Dynasty 1180
THIRTY-SIX COEXISING RE GIMES (II) 1191
1 Rise of the Jin Empire 1192
2 Confrontation between Southern Song and Jin 1204
THIRTY- SEVEN SOCIAL LIFE AND ECONOMY OF SONG 1217
1 A Thriving Economy in Southern China 1218
2 Commercial Prosperity 1228
3 A Colourful Social Life 1238
THIRTY-EIGHT SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE OF TANG AND SONG 1249
1 Three Great Chinese Inventions 1250
2 Historical Studies 1260
3 Eight Prose Masters 1272
THIRTY-NINE FOUNDING OF YUAN 1285
1 Territorial Expansion of the Mongol Empire 1286
2 Unification War 1295
3 Governing System 1308
FORTY YUAN DYNASTY CULTURE AND ECONOMY 1319
1 The Capital City of Dadu 1320
2 Multi-ethnic Integration 1331
3 Economy 1340
FORTY-ONE LITERATURE AND ART OF SONG AND YUAN 1353
1 Poetry 1354
2 Yuan Qu Drama 1364
3 Calligraphy and Painting 1374
FORTY-TWO CENTRALISED MONARCHY OF THE MING DYNASTY 1389
1 Downfall of the Yuan Dynasty 1390
2 Strengthened Monarchy of the Ming Dynasty 1401
3 Ming Royal Court Internal Turmoil 1411
FORTY-THREE MING DYNASTY ECONOMY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS 1423
1 Wise Rule of Founding Emperors 1424
2 Zheng He's Voyages 1436
3 Relationship between China and Ethnic Groups 1444
4 Merchant Guilds and Banking 1454
FORTY-FOUR MING DYNASTY COASTAL DEFENCE 1465
1 Japanese Pirates 1466
2 Early Colonial Aggression 1476
FORTY-FIVE DECLINE OF THE MING DYNASTY 1487
1 The Tumu Crisis and Defence of Beijing 1488
2 Zhang Juzheng's Reform 1499
3 Three Notorious Court Cases 1511
4 Eunuch Abuse of Power and the Donglin Movement 1522
FORTY-SIX END OF THE MING DYNASTY 1535
1 Weakening Military Power 1536
2 Rebellion of the 'Dashing King' 1548
3 The Doomed Southern Ming Court 1558
FORTY-SEVEN CULTURE AND THOUGHT OF MING AND QING 1571
1 The Reestablishment of Beijing 1572
2 Science and Technology and the Introduction of Western Learning 1586
3 Neo-Confucianism 1598
4 A New Stage of Confucianism 1610
FORTY-EIGHT LITERATURE AND ART IN THE MING DYNASTY 1621
1 Vernacular Fiction 1622
2 Marketplace Novels 1634
3 Ming Opera 1644
4 Painting and Calligraphy 1655
FORTY-NINE RISE OF ETHNIC TRIBES 1667
1 The Valiant Jurchen 1668
2 Nurhaci: Khan of Heaven's Mandate 1678
3 Hong Taiji Founds the Qing Empire 1690
FIFTY THE FINAL STRUGGLE 1703
1 Anti-Qing Resistance 1704
2 Zheng Chenggong's Recovery of Taiwan 1714
FIFTY-ONE GREAT QING ACCOMPLISHMENTS (I) 1729
1 Suppression of the Three Feudatories by Emperor Kangxi 1730
2 Recovery of Taiwan 1740
3 Border Defence against Tsarist Russia 1750
FIFTY-TWO GREAT QING ACCOMPLISHMENTS (II) 1761
1 Suppression of the Dzungar Rebellion and the Torghuts' Integration 1762
2 Suppression of the Uyghur Rebellion and Wars Against Foreign Intruders 1770
3 Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama 1780
FIFTY-THREE SUNSET OF CHINA FEUDAL SOCIETY 1793
1 Strengthening Monarchy of the Qing Dynasty 1794
2 Prosperity of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong Reigns 1802
3 Ruling Crisis of the Mid to Late Qing Dynasty 1812
FIFTY-FOUR QING CULTURE 1823
1 Classical-Style Gardens 1824
2 Great Cultural Government Projects 1834
3 A Dream of Red Mansions 1844
4 The Rising Popularity of Novels 1854
5 Breakthroughs with Calligraphy and Painting 1864
6 Beijing Opera 1874
FIFTY-FIVE OPIUM WAR (I) 1885
1 China and the West before the First Opium War 1886
2 The Destruction of Opium in Humen 1894
3 The First Opium War (1840-1842) 1904
FIFTY-SIX OPIUM WAR (II) 1915
1 The Second Opium War (1856-1860) 1916
2 Empress Dowager Cixi's Rise to Power 1926
FIFTY-SEVEN TAIPING HEAVENLY KINGDOM 1937
1 Taiping Rebellion 1938
2 End of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 1948
FIFTY-EIGHT WAR IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY 1959
1 Zuo Zongtang's Recovery of Xinjiang 1960
2 Sino-French War (1883-1885) 1970
3 Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) 2080
4 The Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Power Allied Forces' Invasion of China 2090
FIFTY-NINE AWAKENING AND REFORM 2001
1 Introducing Knowledge from the West 2002
2 The Self-strengthening Movement 2012
3 The Rise of National Capitalism 2022
4 Ideas of Reform 2032
5 The Hundred Days' Reform 2042
SIXTY DOWNFALL OF THE QING DYNASTY 2053
1 Final Throes of the Qing Dynasty 2054
2 The Conclusion of Qing 2064
Appendix
List of Rulers of China
List of Chinese Literary, Painting and Calligraphy Works
About The Book
A General History of China narrates in a chronological order the history of China from primeval society to the fall of Qing Dynasty. Covering important historical incidents and influential figures, it provides a systematic introduction of the developmental process of the five-thousand-year Chinese history.
It also explores splendid traditional cultures that China has fostered in different stages, and covers a wide variety of fields such as history, politics, economics, military, philosophy, literature, art, language, archaeology, astronomy, geography, science, technology, people, and cultural exchanges.
About The Editor
Qu Lindong, professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing Normal University. He has devoted much time of his life to the study in theory and history of historiography. He representative works include On History of the Tang Dynasty and Summary of Chinese Historiography.
Volumes
Volume 1: The Pre-Qin Period
Volume 2: The Qin and Han Dynasties
Volume 3: From the Three Kingdoms Period to the Sui and Tang Dynasties
Volume 4: From the Five Dynasties Period to the Yuan Dynasty
Volume 5: The Ming Dynasty
Volume 6: The Qing Dynasty
Contents
ONE THE ORIGINS OF CIVILISATION 3
1 Ancient Man in China 4
2 The Era of Clan Society 14
TWO DAWN OF THE CHINESE NATION 27
1 The First Ancestor of China 28
2 Three Benevolent Rulers - Yao, Shun and Yu 38
THREE EARLIEST DYNASTIES OF CHINA 49
1 Family Rule of the Xia Dynasty 50
2 Rise and Fall of the Shang Dynasty 60
3 The Flourishing Western Zhou Dynasty 70
4 Decline of the Western Zhou Dynasty 80
FOUR ENIGMATIC CULTURE OF EARLY CHINA 91
1 Writing on Tortoise-Shells and Animal Bones 92
2 The Bronze Age 102
FIVE FIVE OVERLORDS OF THE SPRING AND AUTUMN PERIOD 115
1 Duke Huan of Qin and Duke Wen of Jin 116
2 Three Hegemonies Emerging One after Another 128
3 Struggles for Hegemony by the States of Wu and Yue 138
SIX SEVEN POWERS OF THE WARRING STATES PERIOD 151
1 Seven Powers Locked in Rivalry 152
2 Reform Movements in the Seven States 164
3 Alliance and Unification 176
SEVEN AN ERA OF GREAT CHANGES 189
1 Changes to Production 190
2 The Magnificent Dujiangyan Weirs 198
3 Rise of the City 208
EIGHT CULTURAL PROSPERITY IN THE PRE-QIN PERIOD 219
1 Book of Songs and Elegies of the South 220
2 Bell and Drum Music 232
3 Advances in Technology 242
NINE CONTENTION OF A HUNDRED SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT (I) 253
1 Confucius: Teacher of All Ages 254
2 Inheritance and Development of Confucianism 266
3 Taoism: Let Things Run Their Course 276
TEN CONTENTION OF A HUNDRED SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT (II) 289
1 Mohist School: Earthly Ascetics 290
2 Legalism: Favoured by Rulers 300
3 Military Strategists: Masters on the Law of War 312
4 Clash of Views Among Various Schools of Thought 324
ELEVEN THE GREAT QIN EMPIRE 337
1 Qin Shi Huang's Unification of the Country 338
2 Centralisation System of the Qin Empire 350
3 Peasant Uprising at the End of the Qin Dynasty 360
TWELVE WONDERS OF THE QIN DYNASTY 371
1 The Great Wall 372
2 Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum 382
3 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 390
THIRTEEN THE GREAT HAN EMPIRE 403
1 Contention between the States of Chu and Han 404
2 Rehabilitation in the Early Han Dynasty 416
3 Reign of Emperors Wen and Jing 426
FOURTEEN EMPEROR WU OF HAN 437
1 Political and Military Achievements 438
2 Ruling Strategy 448
FIFTEEN DECLINE OF THE WESTERN HAN DYNASTY 459
1 Corrupt Ruling of mid-and late Western Han 460
2 A Short-lived Dynasty: The New Regime of Wang Mang 472
SIXTEEN REJUVENATION OF THE HAN COURT 485
1 Founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty 486
2 Power Struggles between Families of Court Women and Court Eunuchs 496
3 Fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty 508
SEVENTEEN ETHNIC AND FOREIGN RELATIONS DURING THE HAN DYNASTY 521
1 Peace by Marriage beyond the Great Wall 522
2 Zhang Qian's Journeys to Western Regions 534
3 The Silk Road 544
EIGHTEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE HAN DYNASTY 555
1 Invention of Paper 556
2 Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine 566
3 Earth Science and Mathematics 578
NINETEEN THRIVING THOUGHTS OF THE HAN DYNASTY 591
1 Rise of Taoism 592
2 Buddhism's Spread in China 604
3 Cultural Unification 616
TWENTY CULTURE OF THE HAN DYNASTY 629
1 First Major Historical Works 630
2 Literature and Art 640
TWENTY-ONE THREE KINGDOMS 653
1 The Battle of Guandu 654
2 The Battle of Red Cliffs 666
3 Emergence of the Three Kingdoms 678
TWENTY-TWO WESTERN AND EASTERN JIN 691
1 A Brief Unification During the Western Jin Dynasty 692
2 Disturbances by the Eight Princes 702
3 Rule of Eastern Jin for One Hundred Years 712
TWENTY-THREE SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN DYNASTIES 725
1 Contention of the Sixteen Kingdoms 726
2 Rules of the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Regimes 738
TWENTY-FOUR NORTHERN WEI DYNASTY 751
1 Rapid Rise of the Northern Wei Dynasty 752
2 Reform by Emperor Xiaowen 764
3 Crumbling of the Northern Wei 776
4 A Massive Suppression of Buddhism 788
TWENTY- FIVE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE SIX DYNASTIES 799
1 Literature and Art 800
2 The Study of History and Geography 810
3 Natural Sciences 822
TWENTY- SIX NEW EXPLORATIONS IN PHILOSOPHY 833
1 Dark Learning and the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove 834
2 The Flourishing of Buddhism 844
3 The Development of Taoism 854
TWENTY- SEVEN THE SUI DYNASTY 867
1 The Founding of the Sui Dynasty 868
2 The Rule of Emperor Wen 878
3 The Fall of the Sui Dynasty 888
4 The Grand Canal 898
TWENTY- EIGHT THE TANG DYNASTY 911
1 The Founding of Tang 912
2 The Reign of Emperor Taizong 922
3 China's Only Female Emperor Wu Zetian: 932
TWENTY- NINE GOLDEN ERA OF KAIYUAN 943
1 The Reign of Emperor Xuanzong 944
2 A Thriving Economy 956
3 Science and Technology 968
THIRTY ETHNIC AND FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE TANG DYNASTY 981
1 Tang Ethnic Relations (I) 982
2 Tang Ethnic Relations (II) 994
3 Tang Foreign Relations 1008
THIRTY- ONE TANG DYNASTY ART AND LITERATURE 1021
1 Poetry 1022
2 Tang Classical-language Tales 1036
3 Calligraphy and Painting in the Tang Dynasty 1048
4 Music and Dance and Mogao Grottoes 1062
THIRTY- TWO DECLINE OF TANG 1075
1 The An-Shi Rebellion 1076
2 Rejuvenation Efforts by Tang Emperors 1089
3 Turbulent Reign and Decline 1099
THIRTY- THREE AGE OF SEPARATION 1109
1 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 1110
2 Rise of Khitan 1122
THIRTY- FOUR The SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN SONG DYNASTIES 1133
1 The Founding of the Northern Song Dynasty 1140
2 Reform and Partisan Strife in the Mid to Late Northern Song 1154
3 The Collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty 1166
THIRTY-FIVE COEXISING REGIMES (I) 1169
1 Confrontation between Song and Liao 1170
2 The Rise and Fall of the Western Xia Dynasty 1180
THIRTY-SIX COEXISING RE GIMES (II) 1191
1 Rise of the Jin Empire 1192
2 Confrontation between Southern Song and Jin 1204
THIRTY- SEVEN SOCIAL LIFE AND ECONOMY OF SONG 1217
1 A Thriving Economy in Southern China 1218
2 Commercial Prosperity 1228
3 A Colourful Social Life 1238
THIRTY-EIGHT SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE OF TANG AND SONG 1249
1 Three Great Chinese Inventions 1250
2 Historical Studies 1260
3 Eight Prose Masters 1272
THIRTY-NINE FOUNDING OF YUAN 1285
1 Territorial Expansion of the Mongol Empire 1286
2 Unification War 1295
3 Governing System 1308
FORTY YUAN DYNASTY CULTURE AND ECONOMY 1319
1 The Capital City of Dadu 1320
2 Multi-ethnic Integration 1331
3 Economy 1340
FORTY-ONE LITERATURE AND ART OF SONG AND YUAN 1353
1 Poetry 1354
2 Yuan Qu Drama 1364
3 Calligraphy and Painting 1374
FORTY-TWO CENTRALISED MONARCHY OF THE MING DYNASTY 1389
1 Downfall of the Yuan Dynasty 1390
2 Strengthened Monarchy of the Ming Dynasty 1401
3 Ming Royal Court Internal Turmoil 1411
FORTY-THREE MING DYNASTY ECONOMY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS 1423
1 Wise Rule of Founding Emperors 1424
2 Zheng He's Voyages 1436
3 Relationship between China and Ethnic Groups 1444
4 Merchant Guilds and Banking 1454
FORTY-FOUR MING DYNASTY COASTAL DEFENCE 1465
1 Japanese Pirates 1466
2 Early Colonial Aggression 1476
FORTY-FIVE DECLINE OF THE MING DYNASTY 1487
1 The Tumu Crisis and Defence of Beijing 1488
2 Zhang Juzheng's Reform 1499
3 Three Notorious Court Cases 1511
4 Eunuch Abuse of Power and the Donglin Movement 1522
FORTY-SIX END OF THE MING DYNASTY 1535
1 Weakening Military Power 1536
2 Rebellion of the 'Dashing King' 1548
3 The Doomed Southern Ming Court 1558
FORTY-SEVEN CULTURE AND THOUGHT OF MING AND QING 1571
1 The Reestablishment of Beijing 1572
2 Science and Technology and the Introduction of Western Learning 1586
3 Neo-Confucianism 1598
4 A New Stage of Confucianism 1610
FORTY-EIGHT LITERATURE AND ART IN THE MING DYNASTY 1621
1 Vernacular Fiction 1622
2 Marketplace Novels 1634
3 Ming Opera 1644
4 Painting and Calligraphy 1655
FORTY-NINE RISE OF ETHNIC TRIBES 1667
1 The Valiant Jurchen 1668
2 Nurhaci: Khan of Heaven's Mandate 1678
3 Hong Taiji Founds the Qing Empire 1690
FIFTY THE FINAL STRUGGLE 1703
1 Anti-Qing Resistance 1704
2 Zheng Chenggong's Recovery of Taiwan 1714
FIFTY-ONE GREAT QING ACCOMPLISHMENTS (I) 1729
1 Suppression of the Three Feudatories by Emperor Kangxi 1730
2 Recovery of Taiwan 1740
3 Border Defence against Tsarist Russia 1750
FIFTY-TWO GREAT QING ACCOMPLISHMENTS (II) 1761
1 Suppression of the Dzungar Rebellion and the Torghuts' Integration 1762
2 Suppression of the Uyghur Rebellion and Wars Against Foreign Intruders 1770
3 Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama 1780
FIFTY-THREE SUNSET OF CHINA FEUDAL SOCIETY 1793
1 Strengthening Monarchy of the Qing Dynasty 1794
2 Prosperity of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong Reigns 1802
3 Ruling Crisis of the Mid to Late Qing Dynasty 1812
FIFTY-FOUR QING CULTURE 1823
1 Classical-Style Gardens 1824
2 Great Cultural Government Projects 1834
3 A Dream of Red Mansions 1844
4 The Rising Popularity of Novels 1854
5 Breakthroughs with Calligraphy and Painting 1864
6 Beijing Opera 1874
FIFTY-FIVE OPIUM WAR (I) 1885
1 China and the West before the First Opium War 1886
2 The Destruction of Opium in Humen 1894
3 The First Opium War (1840-1842) 1904
FIFTY-SIX OPIUM WAR (II) 1915
1 The Second Opium War (1856-1860) 1916
2 Empress Dowager Cixi's Rise to Power 1926
FIFTY-SEVEN TAIPING HEAVENLY KINGDOM 1937
1 Taiping Rebellion 1938
2 End of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 1948
FIFTY-EIGHT WAR IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY 1959
1 Zuo Zongtang's Recovery of Xinjiang 1960
2 Sino-French War (1883-1885) 1970
3 Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) 2080
4 The Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Power Allied Forces' Invasion of China 2090
FIFTY-NINE AWAKENING AND REFORM 2001
1 Introducing Knowledge from the West 2002
2 The Self-strengthening Movement 2012
3 The Rise of National Capitalism 2022
4 Ideas of Reform 2032
5 The Hundred Days' Reform 2042
SIXTY DOWNFALL OF THE QING DYNASTY 2053
1 Final Throes of the Qing Dynasty 2054
2 The Conclusion of Qing 2064
Appendix
List of Rulers of China
List of Chinese Literary, Painting and Calligraphy Works
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